Abundance of species (taxa) on colonization surfaces at different sites, times and environments.

Values pooled from replicate surfaces, n = 3 except for Biovent (n = 4) and Worm Hole (WH; n = 2). Sandwiches recovered from hot, warm or cool environment at times 9, 11 or 22 months after the eruption at P-vent, Ty/Io, and V-vent. Blocks recovered from hot habitat before the eruption (Pre) at Biovent and Worm Hole. Surface areas of blocks and sandwiches were 600 cm2 and 1200 cm2, respectively.