Local Adaptation of Male Sexual Fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

Mate competition gives rise to sexual selection, and healthier, more vigorous males are likely to be superior competitors. Because most genes are likely to impact an individual’s vigor, sexual selection should act across much of the genome to favor the same alleles as natural selection, thereby promoting adaptation. On the other side of the coin, adaptation to an environment should enhance male sexual fitness in that environment because it is likely to increase the overall vigor of individuals within a population. Surprisingly, there are few tests of this latter prediction, and results are mixed. Taking advantage of a long-term evolution experiment involving replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster, we performed a reciprocal transplant in which populations evolved in one of two alternative larval environments were reared in each of these two environments. Larval survival was quantified as an index of non-sexual fitness reflective of adaptation to their local larval environment, ..., , # Local adaptation of male sexual fitness in *Drosophila melanogaster*

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.6djh9w1dw](10.5061/dryad.6djh9w1dw)

## Description of the data and file structure

Data from a reciprocal transplant of 20 replicate experimental populations, 10 adapted to each of two larval rearing environments (termed adaptation sets), one involving a novel cornstarch larval medium and a 2 h heat shock at 37 C to 3-day old larvae, and the second supplementing the standard cornmeal-based larval medium with 5% salt and a constant 28 C throughout larval development (termed ‘corn’ and ‘salt’ larval adaptation sets respectively, for brevity). To promote continued adaptation to these novel larval environments, after six generations, the heat shock was increased to 4 h in the corn set, and the salt was increased to 6% in the salt set. Within each larval adaptation set, the 10 replicate populations were split equally between two adult mating environments such that mate competition occurred ea...,