Global Bee Interaction Data

Last modified: January 22, 2024 Introduction This dataset comprises all bee interactions indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI; Poelen et al. 2014). It is published quarterly by the Big Bee Project (Seltmann et al. 2021) to summarize all available knowledge about bee interactions from natural history collections, community science observations (i.e., iNaturalist), and the literature. Interactions include flower visitation, parasitic interactions (mite, viral), lecty, and many others. Data Description Please see the [integration process page](https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/process) to better understand how Global Biotic Interactions combines datasets from various sources. The complete interaction dataset for all species can be accessed via https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/data. Data is filtered for unique records based on the interaction description and source citation. Archives contain full data records and unique filtered records in tab-delimited format. Dataset column name definitions https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields or https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields Duplicate records occur in the database because more than one provider shares information. This is most frequently occuring in museum specimen data and duplicates can be identified evaluating the institutionCode, collectionCode and catalogNumber fields. The file catalogNumber_counts.tsv groups records by these three fields for this dataset, but does not filter out duplicate records. Metrics Date Total bee records 07-17-2020 232,906 01-24-2021 257,738 11-17-2021 226,160 06-01-2022 286,818 11-07-2022 429,308 01-18-2024 842,819 Date Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae 07-17-2020 73,463 106,222 20,821 58,880 01-24-2021 77,824 120,919 21,376 63,945 11-17-2021 25,535 134,517 10,568 43,070 06-01-2022 78,016 144,827 20,409 64,054 11-07-2022 84,172 171,378 30,792 79,155 01-18-2024 166,473 334,224 63,847 171,931 Date Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae 07-17-2020 44,449 2,511 23 01-24-2021 48,856 2,624 18 11-17-2021 37,001 995 9 06-01-2022 54,516 2,994 18 11-07-2022 61,391 2,396 24 01-18-2024 100,814 5,088 442 Included Resources count source citation 136668 USGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) IPT 119866 http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world. 114271 Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2015-03-18. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388; PBI: Phytophagous Insects as a Model Group for Documenting Planetary Biodiversity (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae, Phylinae). Version: 08 Mar 2016. National Science Foundation grant DBI#0316495; Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 08 Mar 2016. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115 112568 University of Kansas Natural History Museum 91992 Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN) 28413 PaDIL Bee records from the Pests and Diseases Image Library, http://www.padil.gov.au. 27153 Guzman, Laura Melissa; Kelly, Tyler; Elle, Elizabeth, 2022, "A dataset for pollinator diversity and their interactions with plants in the Pacific NorthWest", https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/WTEZNH, Borealis, V1 23254 Carril OM, Griswold T, Haefner J, Wilson JS. (2018) Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity. PeerJ 6:e5867 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867 20844 A. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining. 19180 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Insect Division. Full Database Export 2020-11-20 provided by Erika Tucker and Barry Oconner. 17998 Pensoft Darwin Core Archives available via Integrated Publication Toolkit 13243 Schwarz, Benjamin et al. (2021). Data from: Temporal scale-dependence of plant-pollinator networks [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmbp 10206 Pensoft Darwin Core Archives with associateTaxa columns 8201 Web of Life. http://www.web-of-life.es . 7197 Nick Balfour, Maria Clara Castellanos, Chris Johnson, Dave Goulson, Andrew Philippides. 2023. The Database of Pollinator Interactions (DoPI). Accessed at https://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/ebe/dopi/ on 2023-12-01. 6168 Redhead, J.W.; Coombes, C.F.; Dean, H.J.; Dyer, R.; Oliver, T.H.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Rorke, S.L.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Woodcock, B.A.; Pywell, R.F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b 6056 Purdue Entomological Research Collection 4916 Eardley C, Coetzer W. 2016. Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees. 4725 University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection 4614 National Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05. 4256 Seltmann, K., Van Wagner, J., Behm, R., Brown, Z., Tan, E., & Liu, K. (2020). BID: A project to share biotic interaction and ecological trait data about bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). UC Santa Barbara: Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g21k7bf 4168 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects 3957 Frost Entomological Museum, Pennsylvania State University 3841 Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection 3683 https://mangal.io - the ecological interaction database. 3297 Natural History Collections managed by Arctos (https://arctosdb.org) accessed via https://vertnet.org . 3140 University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and other Arthropods UNHC-UNHC 3140 University of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection 3102 LaManna, JA, Burkle, LA, Belote, RT, Myers, JA. Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients. J Ecol. 2020; 00: 1– 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13530 . 3028 Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q. ., Ballantyne, G. ., Iossa, G. ., Stone, G. N., Bartomeus, I. ., Stockan, J. A., Leguizamón, J., Prendergast, K. ., Rowley, L., Giovanetti, M., de Oliveira Bueno, R., Wesselingh, R. A., Mallinger, R., Edmondson, S., Howard, S. R., Leonhardt, S. D., Rojas-Nossa, S. V., Brett, M., Joaqui, T., Antoniazzi, R., Burton, V. J., Feng, H.-H., Tian, Z.-X., Xu, Q., Zhang, C., Shi, C.-L., Huang, S.-Q., Cole, L. J., Bendifallah, L., Ellis, E. E., Hegland, S. J., Straffon Díaz, S., Lander, T. A. ., Mayr, A. V., Dawson, R. ., Eeraerts, M. ., Armbruster, W. S. ., Walton, B. ., Adjlane, N. ., Falk, S. ., Mata, L. ., Goncalves Geiger, A. ., Carvell, C. ., Wallace, C. ., Ratto, F. ., Barberis, M. ., Kahane, F. ., Connop, S. ., Stip, A. ., Sigrist, M. R. ., Vereecken, N. J. ., Klein, A.-M., Baldock, K. ., & Arnold, S. E. J. . (2022). Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 31, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695 2681 Robert L. Minckley San Bernardino Valley from the year 2000 to 2011. 2118 Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. 1859 Sarah E. Miller.07/06/2017.Information extracted from dataset https://www.idigbio.org/portal/recordsets/db4bb0df-8539-4617-ab5f-eb118aa3126b. 1329 Sarah E Miller. 6/19/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html. 1156 Mycology Collections Data Portal (MyCoPortal). https://mycoportal.org 1095 Giselle Muschett & Francisco E. Fontúrbel. 2021. A comprehensive catalogue of plant – pollinator interactions for Chile 1002 United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pollinator Library. https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator. 964 Cohen JM, Sauer EL, Santiago O, Spencer S, Rohr JR. 2020. Divergent impacts of warming weather on wildlife disease risk across climates. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb1702 946 Sarah E Miller. 4/18/2016. Species associations from Wardeh, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci. Data 2:150049 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.49 (2015) 872 Magrach, Ainhoa et al. (2017), Data from: Plant-pollinator networks in semi-natural grasslands are resistant to the loss of pollinators during blooming of mass-flowering crops, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0q1n 865 Del Risco, A.A., Montoya, Á.M., García, V. et al. Data synthesis and dynamic visualization converge into a comprehensive biotic interaction network: a case study of the urban and rural areas of Bogotá D.C.. Urban Ecosyst (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01133-3 760 Sarah E Miller. 5/30/2016. Interations from various papers. 740 Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection 719 The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016). International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/inygc6 703 Texas A&M University Insect Collection 664 University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection 648 Classen, Alice; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (2020): Plant-pollinator interactions along an elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911390 570 Florida State Collection of Arthropods 518 Sarah E Miller. 6/22/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html. 515 Pardee, G.L., Ballare, K.M., Neff, J.L., Do, L.Q., Ojeda, D., Bienenstock, E.J., Brosi, B.J., Grubesic, T.H., Miller, J.A., Tong, D. and Jha, S., 2023. Local and Landscape Factors Influence Plant-Pollinator Networks and Bee Foraging Behavior across an Urban Corridor. Land, 12(2), p.362. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/362 491 A review of the status of web-based African Plant-Pollinator Interaction data. 488 RCPol: Online Pollen Catalogs Network. 2016. https://rcpol.org.br/ 459 Poelen, Jorrit H. (2023). A biodiversity dataset graph: Biological Associations in TaxonWorks hash://sha256/a4d651aac5220487835e6178511886e98b845b2d98cb7c5447fb2b042e0654d2 hash://md5/849edbe55e31e54ea5cdaba0188c5655 (0.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8253729 427 Sarah E Miller. 6/25/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. 389 Ed Baker; Ian J. Kitching; George W. Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker et al. (2016). Dataset: NHM Interactions Bank. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767 326 Accessed on 2023-12-22T23:31:58.509Z via <https://zenodo.org/records/293019/files/globalbioticinteractions/bioinfo-v1.0.zip>. 292 Global Web Database (http://globalwebdb.com): an online collection of food webs. Accessed via https://www.globalwebdb.com/Service/DownloadArchive on 2017-10-12. 270 The Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection 262 Sarah E Miller. 06/10/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Chamberlin, W. J. The Buprestidae of North America, Exclusive of Mexico, a Catalogue including Synonomy, Bibliography, Distribution, Type Locality and Hosts of Each Species,. 1926. 248 WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro. 233 Klompen H, Johnson N (2018). Ohio State Acarology Laboratory (OSAL), Ohio State University. Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University. Accessed via https://mbd-db.osu.edu/hol/taxon_name/05fbf4bb-f8e1-404e-a27c-759d345aa4d0 on 2023-11-06 hash://sha256/fb23140e60f4889de35ae174b2570cf294012bff4f2c8c419c292af51c98c25f 207 Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2018). 204 @article{Sabino_2022, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2022.108012}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2022.108012}, year = 2022, month = {sep}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {335}, pages = {108012}, author = {William Sabino and Luciano Costa and Tamires Andrade and Juliana Teixeira and Gustavo Araújo and André Luís Acosta and Luísa Carvalheiro and Tereza Cristina Giannini}, title = {Status and trends of pollination services in Amazon agroforestry systems}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}} 194 University of Hawaii Insect Museum 145 Eneida L. Hatcher, Sergey A. Zhdanov, Yiming Bao, Olga Blinkova, Eric P. Nawrocki, Yuri Ostapchuck, Alejandro A. Schäffer, J. Rodney Brister, Virus Variation Resource – improved response to emergent viral outbreaks, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 45, Issue D1, January 2017, Pages D482–D490, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1065 . 142 California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection 135 Bartomeus, Ignasi (2013): Plant-Pollinator Network Data. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.154863.v1 134 Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database. 131 Sarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP. 99 Yale University Peabody Museum Collections Data Portal 96 Mihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H.; Linking virus genomes with host taxonomy. Viruses 8, 66 doi:10.3390/v8030066 (2016). 93 San Diego Natural History Museum 89 Groom, Q.J., Maarten De Groot, M. & Marčiulynienė, D. (2020) Species interation data manually extracted from literature for species . 83 Brose, U. (2018). GlobAL daTabasE of traits and food Web Architecture (GATEWAy) version 1.0 [Data set]. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.25829/IDIV.283-3-756 81 Gaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-a0c1-b8d5fb69f85a via Natural History Museum (2023). Data Portal query on 1 resources created at 2023-05-24 11:19:42.032183 PID https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.bsucrxdz 79 Cristina Preda and Quentin Groom. 2014. Species associations manually extracted from literature. 79 Farr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414. 45 David W. Thieltges, Karsten Reise, Kim N. Mouritsen, John P. McLaughlin, and Robert Poulin. 2011. Food web including metazoan parasites for a tidal basin in Germany and Denmark. Ecology 92:2005. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0351.1 45 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution IPT RSS Feed 45 Olito, Colin; Fox, Jeremy W. (2015), Data from: Species traits and abundances predict metrics of plant–pollinator network structure, but not pairwise interactions, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7st32 42 Pinnegar, J.K. (2014). DAPSTOM - An Integrated Database & Portal for Fish Stomach Records. Version 4.7. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. February 2014, 39pp. 37 Pocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118 32 Ballantyne, Gavin; Baldock, Katherine C. R.; Willmer, Pat G. (2015), Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.17pp3 28 Brose, U. et al., 2005. Body sizes of consumers and their resources. Ecology, 86(9), pp.2545–2545. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-0379. 26 Quentin J. Groom. 2020. Species interactions of species on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern 25 Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2023. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, 103(1), pp.53-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00323-6 25 Sarah E Miller. 9/19/2016. Species associations extracted from Graystock, P., Blane, E.J., McFrederick, Q.S., Goulson, D. and Hughes, W.O., 2016. Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 5(1), pp.64-75. 23 Agosti, Donat. 2020. Transcription of Linné, C. von, 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 . 23 Jakovos Demetriou and Quentin Groom 2014. Species associations of Sceliphron manually extracted from literature. 23 Udy, Kristy; Reininghaus, Hannah; Scherber, Christoph; Tscharntke, Teja (2020), Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m906s 17 Barnes, C. et al., 2008. Predator and prey body sizes in marine food webs. Ecology, 89(3), pp.881–881. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1551.1 . Data provided by Carolyn Barnes. Also available at http://www.esapubs.org/Archive/ecol/E089/051/ . 16 Species Connect. https://speciesconnect.com 11 IPBES. (2016). The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. Table 2.4.3 p88 Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402857 10 Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada Y.; Lozano, Cecilia; Zambrano, Liset; Soto, José; Baettig, Jessica; Leal, María (2014): A compilation of larval host-plant records for six families of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from available electronic resources. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1168861 9 Fabricia Sousa Paz, Carlos Eduardo Pinto, Rafael Melo de Brito, Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca, Tereza Cristina Giannini, Edible Fruit Plant Species in the Amazon Forest Rely Mostly on Bees and Beetles as Pollinators, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 114, Issue 2, April 2021, Pages 710–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa284 7 Gandhi, K. J. K., & Herms, D. A. (2009). North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the Alien Emerald ash borer. Biological Invasions, 12(6), 1839–1846. doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9594-1. 6 Field Museum of Natural History IPT 6 Urban M, Cuzick A, Rutherford K, Irvine A, Pedro H, Pant R, Sadanadan V, Khamari L, Billal S, Mohanty S, Hammond-Kosack KE. PHI-base: a new interface and further additions for the multi-species pathogen-host interactions database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D604-D610. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1089. Epub 2016 Dec 3. PMID:27915230 6 http://invertebrates.si.edu/parasites.htm 5 Geiselman, Cullen K. & Sarah Younger. 2020. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batbase.org 5 Geiselman, Cullen K. and Tuli I. Defex. 2015. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batplant.org 5 University of California Santa Barbara Herbarium 4 Museum for Southwestern Biology (MSB) Parasite Collection 4 Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018). 4 Sarah E Miller. 5/28/2015. Arnaud, Paul Henri. A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, 1978. 4 Sarah E Miller. 7/7/2016. Text gathered from Wirta, H.K., Vesterinen, E.J., Hambäck, P.A., Weingartner, E., Rasmussen, C., Reneerkens, J., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, O. and Roslin, T., 2015. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web. Ecology and evolution, 5(17), pp.3842-3856. 3 Gippet, J.M.W., Bates, O.K., Moulin, J. et al. The global risk of infectious disease emergence from giant land snail invasion and pet trade. Parasites Vectors 16, 363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06000-y 3 Scott L. Gardner and Gabor R. Racz (2021). University of Nebraska State Museum - Parasitology. Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. University of Nebraska State Museum. 3 Sherman, Aja C.; Geiselman, Cullen; Simons, Nancy B.; Upham, Nathan S.; Poelen, Jorrit H.; Reeder, DeeAnn M.; Bertolino, Sandro; Groom, Quentin; Phelps, Kendra; Agosti, Donat; Willoughby, Anna R. In Preparation. Bat-Co-Roosting Database develop by the Biodiversity-related knowledge hub on COVID-19. 3 WIRC / University of Wisconsin Madison WIS-IH / Wisconsin Insect Research Collection 2 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology 2 Brigham Young University Arthropod Museum 2 Jorrit H. Poelen. 2017. Species interactions associated with known species interaction datasets. 2 Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador - MAATE. 2 Paleo Digitization Working Group. Biological associations extracted from fossil specimens. 2 Sarah E Miller. 7/6/2016. Arctos collection. 2 Sarah E Miller. 9/15/2016. Species associations extracted from http://parasiticplants.siu.edu/index.html. 2 Species Interactions of Australia Database (SIAD): Helping us to understand species interactions in Australia and beyond. http://www.discoverlife.org/siad/ . 1 Bourlat SJ, Koch M, Kirse A, Langen K, Espeland M, Giebner H, Decher J, Ssymank A, Fonseca VG (2023) Metabarcoding dietary analysis in the insectivorous bat Nyctalus leisleri and implications for conservation. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e111146. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e111146 1 Grundler MC (2020) SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943 1 Gunther KA et al. 2014 Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Ursus 25(1):60-72 1 Portalier, Sebastien; Fussmann, Gregor; Loreau, Michel; Cherif, Mehdi (2018), Data from: The mechanics of predator-prey interactions: first principles of physics predict predator-prey size ratios, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8c40mb0 1 Sarah E Miller. 4/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from various papers and articles from site https://repository.si.edu Included files - 1-GBID-statistics.csv - number of interaction records by date per family - bee_data_BID.sh - script for separating bee records from the GloBI database interactions.tsv file - interactions.tsv.gz - snapshot of the GloBI database from November 7, 2022 - indexed_interactions_bees.tsv.zip - bee records from the GloBI database on November 7, 2022 - uniq_citations.tsv - list of unique citations indicating bee interactions - Andrenidae_data_unique.tsv - Andrenidae records - Apidae_data_unique.tsv - Apidae records - Colletidae_data_unique.tsv - Colletidae records - Halictidae_data_unique.tsv - Halictidae records - Megachilidae_data_unique.tsv - Megachilidae records - Melittidae_data_unique.tsv - Melittidae records - Stenotritidae_data_unique.tsv - Stenotritidae records - README.md - this file References GloBI Community. (2022). Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products (0.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3950589 Poelen JH, Simons JD, Mungall CJ (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005 Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037 Acknowledgements This project is supported by the National Science Foundation. Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850