Biological Interplay Between Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus in Gastric Epithelial Cell Models

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to investigate transcriptomic alterations in AGS and EBV-infected AGS [AGS EBV(+)] gastric epithelial cells following infection with Helicobacter pylori. Cells were infected with H. pylori at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0, 5, and 20, and harvested at 48 h post-infection. Total RNA was extracted from each experimental group, and RNA integrity was assessed prior to library preparation. Sequencing libraries were generated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing to analyze global gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes and enriched signaling pathways were subsequently compared between AGS and AGS EBV(+) cells under different H. pylori infection conditions to evaluate the impact of bacterial infection and EBV status on host cellular transcriptional responses.