The effect of Density and Treatment (caged con-specifics, caged hetero-specifics, empty-cage control) on the wing length of females emerging from the experimental cups.

Nested ANOVA testing for the effect of treatment and initial density on female wing length. Individuals are nested within experimental cups, i.e., experimental cups rather than individuals are considered as replicates. Practically, in the statistical model experimental cup ID was nested within Treatment×Density interaction. Note that the MS of this nested variable was used as the error term of treatment, density and Treatment×Density interaction.