Identification of the novel progression factors in renal cell carcinoma through global proteomics

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the top 8 most diagnosed cancer in United States, which 79,000 patients newly were diagnosed and 13,920 deaths [1]. The clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common histopathological subtype representing approximately 85~90% in all diagnosed case [2]. In renal cancer treatment, metastasis is considered the most serious problem. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) is a fetal disease. It is known that about 25~30% of patients diagnosed with early kidney cancer have metastasized [3, 4]. The 5-year survival rate of patients with mRCC is 11.7%, and the prognosis is very poor [5]. Approximately 30% of patients have recurrence despite removal of the primary tumor, including 10-15% of patients found in T1 and clinically removed [4]. The mRCC patients show poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the rate of disappointing for treatment is increased from 15% to 25% [6, 7]. The common sites of RCC metastasis is known to the lung (40%), bone (30%), lymph node (22%) and liver (20%) [8].