Intestinal microenvironment intervention by live and heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium animalis J12 before pregnancy ameliorates neurodevelopmental abnormalities in prenatally stressed rat offspring by activating focal adhesion pathways in hippocampus

Prenatal stress has the potential to induce emotional and cognitive impairments in the progeny, impacting their neurological growth significantly. It is still unknown whether intestinal microenvironment intervention by probiotics before pregnancy can alleviate PS and improve the health of the offspring.