Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 4

The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature analysis on a 2x2 degree grid derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). The latest ERSST Version 4 (v4) is based on Version 3b (v3b). Major revisions for v4 include: updated and substantively more complete input data from the ICOADS Release 2.5 (R2.5); revised Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion; updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures; revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods; updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using Hadley Nighttime Marine Air Temperature version 2 (HadNMAT2); and a buoy SST bias adjustment not previously made in v3b. ERSST v4 is generated using in situ SST data and improved statistical methods that allow stable reconstruction when data are sparse. The monthly analysis extends from January 1854 to the present, but because of sparse data in the early years, there is damping of the analyzed signal before 1880. After 1880, the strength of the signal is more consistent over time. The product is updated monthly with the available GTS ship and buoy data for that month. Data for the time period from January 2001 to the previous month are recalculated every month. Data before January 2001 are not updated. Note that v3b data were recalculated every month for January 1985 to the previous month. The SST anomalies are computed with respect to a 1971-2000 month climatology. Local and short-term variations have been smoothed in the ERSST analysis. The product is suitable for long-term global and basin-wide SST studies, and it is used as an input to the NCEI Merged Land Ocean Surface Temperature (MLOST) product. The data are written to a monthly netCDF files with CF metadata attributes included.

扩展重建海表温度（Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, ERSST）数据集是基于国际综合海洋-大气数据集（International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset, ICOADS）构建的全球2°×2°经纬度网格逐月海表温度分析产品。最新的ERSST第4版（v4）以第3b版（v3b）为基础。v4版本的主要修订内容包括：采用ICOADS第2.5版（R2.5）的更新且更为完整的输入数据集；修订了经验正交遥相关（Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections, EOTs）方法及EOT筛选准则；更新了海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）质量控制流程；改进了海表温度距平（Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, SSTA）的评估方法；利用哈德利夜间海洋大气温度第2版（Hadley Nighttime Marine Air Temperature version 2, HadNMAT2）更新了船舶SST的偏差校正方案；新增了v3b版本中未实现的浮标SST偏差校正。ERSST v4通过原位SST数据与改进的统计方法生成，可在数据稀疏场景下实现稳定的重建。该逐月分析的时间跨度为1854年1月至今，但由于早期年份数据较为稀疏，1880年之前的分析信号存在阻尼现象；1880年之后，信号强度随时间的变化更为稳定。该产品每月会结合当月可用的全球电信系统（Global Telecommunications System, GTS）船舶与浮标观测数据进行更新。2001年1月至上月的数据每月都会重新计算，而2001年1月之前的数据不会更新。需注意，v3b版本的1985年1月至上月数据曾每月进行重新计算。SST距平以1971-2000年的逐月气候态为基准计算得到。ERSST分析中已对局地和短期的温度变化进行了平滑处理。本产品适用于长期全球及洋盆尺度的SST研究，同时作为输入数据用于美国国家环境信息中心（National Centers for Environmental Information, NCEI）的海陆表面温度融合产品（Merged Land Ocean Surface Temperature, MLOST）。数据以逐月netCDF文件格式存储，并包含CF（Climate and Forecast）元数据属性。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

ERSST v4是一个全球月度海表温度分析数据集，基于ICOADS数据，采用2x2度网格，时间覆盖从1854年1月至今并每月更新。该数据集使用现场SST数据和改进的统计方法，在数据稀疏时能稳定重建，适用于长期全球和流域海温研究，如作为NCEI MLOST产品的输入。