Pego do Diabo (PGD) vs. Gruta do Caldeirão (CAL): taphonomic indicators.

(a) These counts are “PoSAC” [65], [99].
(b) The percentage of large carnivores is calculated by dividing the number of large carnivore (i.e., hyaena, bear, lion, leopard and wolf) bones by the total number of mammal herbivore and large carnivore bones.
(c) Caldeirão rabbit numbers after [66].
(d) The ratio “chips” to “identified” is calculated by dividing the number of unidentified chips plus the number of ungulate bones and teeth by the number of ungulate bones and teeth. Note that the values for Pego do Diabo, and especially for the “PGD-2” sample, are affected by the sacrifice of a significant proportion of the “chips,” prior to analysis, for conventional radiocarbon dating.
(e) The percentage of semidigested bone considers the total of identified large mammals, rabbits and fragments. As with the values for the “chips” to “identified” ratio, this index may be affected, at Pego do Diabo, by the sacrifice of significant numbers of unidentified bone fragments, prior to analysis, for conventional radiocarbon dating.