Comparative anatomy, phylogeny, and systematics of the Miocene giraffid <i>Decennatherium pachecoi</i> Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora): State of the art

<i>Decennatherium pachecoi</i> Crusafont, 1952, is one of two giraffid species described from the Miocene of the Iberian Peninsula. This species is recovered exclusively from Vallesian faunas (MN9–10, late Miocene, 10–11 Ma). Despite being relatively well represented in the fossil record, except for the skull and ossicones, the complete vertebral column, and part of the upper dentition, its systematics and phylogenetic position among giraffids are the subject of debate. We update our knowledge of <i>D. pachecoi</i>, revising all Spanish material assigned to this species, as well as previously undescribed fossils. We reassess the systematics of <i>Decennatherium</i>, including its potential relationship with the second Iberian giraffid, the early Turolian <i>Birgerbohlinia</i> Crusafont, 1952, by means of the first cladistic analysis of the Giraffidae that includes <i>Decennatherium</i> together with the most relevant African and Eurasian taxa, both fossil and extant. Our results link <i>Decennatherium</i> with a ‘samothere’ clade, whereas <i>Birgerbohlinia</i> is nested within a ‘sivathere’ clade, thus refuting a previously assumed direct relationship between the two Spanish forms. Finally, we discuss some other possible finds of the genus <i>Decennatherium</i> in Greece, Turkey, and Iran. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Rios, M., I. M. Sánchez, and J. Morales. 2016. Comparative anatomy, phylogeny, and systematics of the Miocene giraffid <i>Decennatherium pachecoi</i> Crusafont, 1952 (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Pecora): State of the art. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1187624.