Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children

The gastrointestinal tract, its resident microorganisms, and the central nervous system are connected by biochemical signaling, also known as the ”microbiome-gut-brain-axis.” Both the human brain and the gut microbiome have critical developmental windows in the first years of life, raising the possibility that their development is co-occurring and likely co-dependent. Emerging evidence implicates gut microorganisms and microbiota composition in cognitive outcomes and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism and anxiety), but the influence of gut microbial metabolism on typical neurodevelopment has not been explored in detail. We investigated the relationship of the microbiome with the neuroanatomy and cognitive function of 381 healthy children, demonstrating that differences in gut microbial taxa and gene functions are associated with overall cognitive function and with differences in the size of multiple brain regions. Using a combination of multivariate linear and machine learning (..., , , # Data associated with \"Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children\"

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fxpnvx0zq](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fxpnvx0zq)

Taxonomic and functional profiles from stool metagenomic sequencing from RESONANCE, an accelerated longitudinal cohort of child cognitive development

## Description of the data and file structure

These data tables are used as inputs for the analysis in \"Gut-resident microorganisms and their genes are associated with cognition and neuroanatomy in children\", published in *Science Advances*.

Files are comma-separated value (.csv) or [Apache Arrow](https://arrow.apache.org/) (.arrow) formatted. Julia code for loading and analyzing these data can be found in the accompanying Github repository (archived on Zenodo).

### Microbial data

 All `*.arrow` files have the following headers:

* `sample` (String): Unique identifier for a particular stool sample. Can be joined to subject/ti...