Fetuin A is an immunomodulator and therapeutic target for Heterotopic ossification and associated bone loss

Heterotopic ossification (HO), the pathologic growth of extra-skeletal bone, occurs as a common complication of trauma or in genetic disorders and can be disabling and lethal.We report that mice harboring injury-induced HO exhibit bone loss similar to the presentation of HO patients. Esepecially, Fetuin A dysregulation promotes immunosupression in HO lesion to link HO and bone loss. Total mRNA profiles of injured tibial muscle from WT and NSE-BMP4 mice at different time points(i.e., at day 1 ,3,7 after muscle injury via cardiotoxin)