Figure 1

<b>Figure 1</b><b> | Selective astrocytic expression and in vitro activation of hM3Dq in astro-hM3Dq mice.</b> a, Schematic depicting the targeting strategy used to obtain tamoxifen-inducible Cre-dependent expression of hM3Dq selectively in astrocytes. b, Representative immunostaining images of astro-hM3Dq-positive mice showing Hoechst nuclear stain (blue), Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) that are tagged with a hemagglutinin (HA, green), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, red). c, Representative astro-hM3Dq positive immunostaining image (40x) indicating Hoechst, DREADD HA-epitope, GFAP, merged image, and zoomed-in image indicating an example of HA-positive astrocyte. d, Representative immunostaining images of control mice showing Hoechst nuclear stain (blue), DREADD-HA epitope (green), and GFAP (red). e, Representative control immunostaining image (40x) indicating Hoechst, DREADD HA-epitope, GFAP, merged image, and zoomed-in image indicating an example of HA-negative astrocyte. f, Representative hippocampal astro-hM3Dq positive immunostaining image (40x) indicating DREADD HA-epitope, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), GFAP, merged image, and zoomed-in image indicating example of HA-positive astrocyte close to microglia (Cyan). g, Representative hippocampal astro-hM3Dq positive immunostaining image (40x) indicating DREADD HA-epitope, = (NeuN), GFAP, merged image, and zoomed in image indicating an example of HA-positive astrocyte close to a NeuN positive neuron (Cyan). h, hippocampal hM3Dq receptor expression in Iba1 positive cells (astro-hM3Dq n=5, control n=3). i, hippocampal hM3Dq receptor expression in NeuN positive cells (astro-hM3Dq n=5, control n=3). j, Astro-hM3Dq hippocampal expression (n=6). k, Astro-hM3Dq hippocampal specificity (n=6). l, In vitro calcium imaging experimental timeline. m-n, Kinetics of relative Rhod-2 fluorescence in cells in response to 5 µM clozapine N-oxide (CNO), 100 µM Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and 2 µM ionomycin in 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)-treated cultures in Krebs-Ringer-HEPES (KRH) buffer in m, astro-hM3Dq and n, astrocyte control cells. Scale bars: b, d = 200 ; c, e, f, g = 50 . Data are expressed as mean SEM. Unpaired, two-tailed Student t-test. **** &lt;0.0001.