Vigorous Mantle Convection Triggered the Cretaceous Pacific Large Igneous Provinces

# Data Repository for manuscript: Vigorous mantle convection triggered the Cretaceous Pacific large igneous provinces ### This repository contains supplementary datasets and visualization files used to verify model outputs and reproduce the figures and animations presented in the manuscript. 1. The CSV file in the "Subduction_flux_csv" folder contains time-series data of subduction flux along the circum-Pacific subduction girdle, spanning from 205 Ma to the present. These data are used in Figure 1b, Figure 4 and Supplementary Animation 1. 2. The “Pressure_grd" folder contains two sub-folders. 'Pressure_Cross-sections_along_equator' holds the cross-sections of pressure of Case 1 along the equator. 'Global_Pressure_2074km' stores global pressure data at a depth of 2074 km. These two sets of files correspond to the pressures at selected ages shown in Figures 2a-d, Extended Data Figure 5a, b, and Supplementary Figure 2. 3. The "Pressure_difference" folder contains two subfolders, namely "BLOBs" and "circum_Pacific_subduction_girdle". The pressure data between 205Ma and 0Ma within the BLOBs area and the 600km buffer zone of the circum-Pacific subduction zones across five main Cases were respectively stored. This is the source data for the pressure difference shown in Figure 2e, Extended Data Figure 3a. 4. In the "Pacific_region_RHA&Volumetric Flux_csv" folder, the evolution of Radial Heat Advection (RHA) and Volumetric Flux in the Pacific region (within the circle of Fig. 1a) for five main models are stored. It also includes RHA data for the experimental cases based on Case 1 (thermal anomalies removed and the no-slip boundary condition models). This is the source data of Figure 2e, Extended Data Figures 3b, 4, 5c, 6 and 8. 5. The "Paraview_pipeline' folder contains the reconstructed LIPs, BLOBs, plate boundaries, hot upwellings, subducted slabs (cold anomalies), dynamic pressure (at 1,998km), and velocity field files in VTK or VTU format(i.e., the elements involved in Figure 3 and Supplementary Animation 3). To visualize them, open the "state_of_Pacific_LIPs.pvsm" file in Paraview, select "Search files under specified directory", and then click "OK". 6. The "Global_RHA_netCDF" folder contains the original RHA data for Case 1 at 323 and 660 km in NetCDF format, as presented in Figure 4, Extended Data Figures 9a-b, 10 and Supplementary Animation 3. 7. The "LIP_Correlation_Analysis" folder contains the source data and Python scripts for the statistical correlation analysis between LIPs and predicted upwellings. It includes calculated angular distances for five cases, P-values derived from 2,000 Monte Carlo tests, and a Jupyter Notebook for reproducing the empirical distribution functions (EDF) and K-S test results presented in Extended Data Figure 9c-e. Should you have any questions or requirments with regard to this repository, please contact [e-mail] via email.