Significant between group comparisons by taxon level.

P values indicated. Non-significant between group differences observed for: Acholeplasmatales (T), Acidobacteriales (Ac), Actinomycetales (A), Anaeroplasmatales (T), Bacillales (F), Burkholderiales (P), Caulobacterales (P), Clostridiales (F), Coriobacteriales (A), Cytophagales (B), Erysipelotrichales (F), Flavobacteriales (B), Fusobacteriales (Fu), Lactobacillales (F), Oscillatoriales (C), Pasteurellales (P), Planctomycetales (Pl), Pseudomonadales (P), Rhizobiales (P), Rhodospirillales (P), Rickettsiales (P), Sphingomonadales (P), Thermoanaerobacterales (F), Thiotrichales (P), Xanthomonadales (P). Groups: NS, non-shifted standard chow diet; S, shifted standard chow diet; NSFS, non-shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet; SFS, shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet. Phylum: A, Actinobacteria; Ac, Acidobacteria; B, Bacteroidetes; C, Cyanobacteria; F, Firmicutes; Fu, Fusobacteria; P, Proteobacteria; Pl, Plantomycetes; T, Tenericutes; V, Verrucomicrobia. *, significant between group differences; –, not significant; (+)/(-), indicates direction of the change.