Physiological and molecular changes caused by Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) in grapevines of the Chardonnay cultivar (Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae)

Viticulture in Rio Grande do Sul, which began in the 1980s with the production of fine wines from Vitis vinifera L., is currently distinguished by the diversity and quality of its wines and sparkling wines, driven by regional variations in climate, soil, grape varieties, and production systems. However, the increase in phytophagous mite populations, resulting from inadequate management and indiscriminate use of pesticides, has become a growing challenge for grape growers. Among the main families of pest mites are Eriophyidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, and Tetranychidae, whose damage varies depending on factors such as grapevine variety, plant vigor, pest density, and environmental conditions. Tetranychus urticae, a widely distributed and highly polyphagous species, causes significant damage to grapevines and other crops and exhibits remarkable resistance to acaricides. Although reported in various regions of Brazil, its presence on grapevines in the southern region is unprecedented, posing potential risks to viticulture in Rio Grande do Sul due to its economic relevance. In light of this, the present study aimed to evaluate the local and systemic effects of Tetranychus urticae infestation on Vitis vinifera (Chardonnay variety). The study analyzed the transcriptome of infested leaves to identify differentially expressed genes, and the functional classification of these genes. The findings of this research provide valuable contributions to improving integrated management strategies for Tetranychus urticae, with a focus on sustainable practices aligned with natural processes.