Ice Diver Distributed Temperature Sensing

Design, construction and laboratory testing (prior to testing in Madison) of a melt
probe with cabling to enable deployment of Raman DTS, as well as injection of ethanol
at 0 C above the descending probe, in collaboration with Collaborative Research
partners at the University of Nevada - Reno (Scott Tyler, PI) and Oregon State
University (J. Selker, PI). The University of Nevada/OSU focus is on the integration of
the DTS system into the melt probe design to provide both real time feedback on the
thermal condition of the probe, and most importantly, the entire borehole from the ice
surface to the probe. This aspect is critical as the system design relies upon a small
diameter unfroze portion of the borehole to remain open throughout the descent
phase.

Deployment in February 2019 to Madison, WI Ice Drilling Program testing facility,
equipment testing, and return to Seattle (see Supporting Files 1 and 2 for
photographs). The new trials tested our approaches to melt-hole control and probe
recovery in the taller column, as well as cable and cable-tension-management methods
more nearly approximating those needed to work on ice sheets. Following the Madison
field trial, we conducted extensive discussion and review of data and lessons
learned. Post audit analysis of the test indicated weaknesses in the heater designs as
well as the cable feed system, weaknesses that the testing was designed to probe. We
then carried out modifications to the melt probe, changing the heater mountings and
control system and redesigning the DTS fiber termination system to allow for a more
seamless integration of other telemetry and ethanol.

Numerical modeling of melt-hole refreezing with and without injection of anti-freeze,
to understand quantitatively conditions where slush formation in a melt-hole filled with
ethanol/water solution and thus to guide equipment design and experimental
procedures (see Supporting Files 3 and 4 for explanatory figures). This work resulted in
a publication currently under review for a special issue of the Annals of Glaciology.

RAW DTS data can be found here: https://nevada.app.box.com/folder/118092693469

设计、构建及实验室测试（在麦迪逊测试之前）了一款带有电缆的熔探针，以实现拉曼分布式温度传感技术（Raman DTS）的部署，并在探针下降0°C以上注入乙醇。此项研究与合作研究伙伴内华达大学-里诺分校（Scott Tyler，负责人）和俄勒冈州立大学（J. Selker，负责人）共同完成。内华达大学/俄勒冈州立大学的研究重点在于将DTS系统整合到熔探针设计中，以便提供探针热状态的实时反馈，以及从冰面至探针整个钻孔的关键信息。此方面至关重要，因为系统设计依赖于钻孔中一小段未冻结部分在下降过程中保持开放。

2019年2月部署至威斯康星州麦迪逊的冰钻测试设施，进行设备测试，并返回西雅图（参见支持文件1和2中的照片）。新的试验测试了我们在较高柱状体中对融孔控制和探针回收的方法，以及更接近于在冰盖上工作的电缆和电缆张力管理方法。在麦迪逊现场试验之后，我们对数据和所学经验进行了广泛的讨论和审查。测试后的审计分析表明，加热器设计和电缆供应系统存在不足，这些不足正是测试旨在探究的。随后，我们对熔探针进行了修改，包括更换加热器安装和控制系统，以及重新设计DTS光纤终端系统，以实现其他遥测和乙醇的更无缝集成。

对有/无防冻剂注入的融孔再冻结进行数值模拟，以定量理解乙醇/水溶液充满的融孔中浮冰形成的条件，从而指导设备设计和实验程序（参见支持文件3和4中的解释图）。这项工作导致了一篇正在审稿的冰川学年鉴特刊论文。

原始DTS数据可在此处找到：https://nevada.app.box.com/folder/118092693469