Firms' Optimism and Pessimism
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https://www.nber.org/papers/w18989
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Are firms' expectations systematically too optimistic or too pessimistic? Does it matter? We use micro data from the West German manufacturing subset of the IFO Business Climate Survey to infer quarterly production changes at the firm level and combine them with production expectations over a
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美国国家经济研究局创建时间：
2013-04-01
