Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Residents of Kenya’s semi-arid Narok West subcounty have low access to safe potable water and sanitation, resulting in waterborne diseases (WBD) morbidity and poor sanitation. A survey of 155 households in the subcounty revealed critical insights into water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practiced in a semi-arid region. Using stratified random sampling and statistical analysis, our study revealed that most respondents (92.6%) lack access to public piped water with 35.5% consuming non-potable water. Majority of the surface water sources are unprotected, with rivers being the primarily water source. Water source seasonality and WBD prevalence varied significantly by subcounty wards (p=