Moderators.

Note. Regression coefficients of the meta-regression models including the respective moderator. If paradigm resulted in a significant moderation of training effect, it was included in the tests of the other training-characteristic variables. *p<.05, ** p<.01, ***p<.001; aperfect confounding with paradigm; b there were 33 samples with one training session, one sample with four, and one sample with eight training sessions, it could thus not reasonably be tested; c there were only two samples asking individuals to generate word fragments and 15 that exposed participants to training stimuli, therefore no reasonable testing was possible; dp = .05; e there was a significant interaction with paradigm (β = −.75, p = .02) indicating that the effect of generation depends on the paradigms used, for all combined other paradigms (i.e. homograph, WSAT, or other; k = 6) the effectiveness is reduced when generation is employed as compared to when no generation is employed, whereas this is not true for the AS paradigms.