Data_Sheet_1_Effects of Yi Jin Jing on enhancing muscle strength and physical performance in older individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

BackgroundThe aging population is rapidly increasing, leading to physical decline and higher risks of chronic diseases, including sarcopenia, which adversely affects muscle quality and strength. Yi Jin Jing (YJJ), a traditional Chinese exercise method, can enhance flexibility and strength, but evidence regarding its effectiveness in older adults is conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the effects of YJJ on muscle strength and physical performance in this demographic.MethodsWe searched seven electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Sinomed, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Following PRISMA guidelines, we quantified the effects of YJJ on muscle strength (grip strength, isokinetic strength) and physical performance (chair sit-to-stand, squatting-to-standing, shoulder flexibility, sit-and-reach tests). Treatment effects were calculated using Hedges’g. The Cochrane tool assessed risk of bias, the PEDro scale evaluated methodological quality, and the GRADE method assessed evidence quality. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software, utilizing standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThis meta-analysis included 10 RCTs involving 590 participants. The overall risk of bias was assessed to be low. The methodological quality of these studies was generally moderate, and the quality of the main results varied from low to moderate. The findings revealed that YJJ had considerable effects on the chair sit-to-stand test (Hedges’g = 1.06), squatting-to-standing test (Hedges’g = 1.08), and small to moderate effects on handgrip strength (Hedges’g = 0.25), 60°/s extensor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.47), 60°/s extensor average power (Hedges’g = 0.31), 60°/s extensor total work (Hedges’g = 0.29), 60°/s flexor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.42), 60°/s flexor average power (Hedges’g = 0.37), and 180°/s extensor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.29), and left shoulder flexibility (Hedges’g = 0.4). However, there were no significant improvement effects in 180°/s extensor average power (Hedges’g = 0.19), 180°/s extensor total work (Hedges’g = 0.11), 180°/s flexor peak torque (Hedges’g = 0.01), 180°/s flexor average power (Hedges’g = −0.08), right shoulder flexibility (Hedges’g = 0.09), and sit-and-reach test (Hedges’g = 0.15).ConclusionYJJ significantly enhances specific aspects of physical performance, particularly chair sit-to-stand and squatting-to-standing tests, while showing small and moderate improvements in handgrip strength and knee muscle strength. However, it had no significant effects on other metrics, including shoulder flexibility and sit-and-reach tests.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024530487, Registration number: CRD42024530487.

背景：随着人口老龄化趋势的加剧，老年人的身体机能逐渐衰退，慢性疾病的风险显著上升，其中肌肉减少症对肌肉质量和力量产生负面影响。易筋经（YJJ），作为一种传统的中国锻炼方法，能够有效提升柔韧性和力量，然而关于其在老年人群中的有效性的研究结论并不一致。本项荟萃分析旨在系统地评估YJJ对老年人肌肉力量和身体机能的影响。方法：通过检索七个电子数据库：中国知网、万方数据、Sinomed、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和EMBASE，以识别随机对照试验（RCTs）。遵循PRISMA指南，我们量化了YJJ对肌肉力量（握力、等速力量）和身体机能（坐位起立、蹲起、肩关节柔韧性、坐位触距测试）的影响。治疗效应的计算采用Hedges’g。Cochrane工具评估偏倚风险，PEDro量表评价方法论质量，GRADE方法评估证据质量。数据分析使用Stata 17.0软件进行，利用标准化均数差（SMD）和95%置信区间（CIs）。结果：本荟萃分析纳入了10项RCTs，涉及590名参与者。总体偏倚风险评估为低。这些研究的方法论质量普遍为中等，主要结果的质量从低到中等不等。研究发现，YJJ对坐位起立测试（Hedges’g=1.06）、蹲起测试（Hedges’g=1.08）有显著影响，对手握力（Hedges’g=0.25）、60°/s伸肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.47）、60°/s伸肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.31）、60°/s伸肌总功（Hedges’g=0.29）、60°/s屈肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.42）、60°/s屈肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.37）和180°/s伸肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.29）、左肩柔韧性（Hedges’g=0.4）产生了小到中等程度的效果。然而，在180°/s伸肌平均功率（Hedges’g=0.19）、180°/s伸肌总功（Hedges’g=0.11）、180°/s屈肌峰值扭矩（Hedges’g=0.01）、180°/s屈肌平均功率（Hedges’g=−0.08）、右肩柔韧性（Hedges’g=0.09）和坐位触距测试（Hedges’g=0.15）等方面并未观察到显著的改善效果。结论：YJJ显著提高了身体机能的特定方面，尤其是在坐位起立和蹲起测试中，对手握力和膝关节肌肉力量也表现出小到中等程度的改善。然而，它对其他指标，包括肩关节柔韧性和坐位触距测试，没有产生显著的影响。系统评价注册：https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024530487，注册号：CRD42024530487。