Eurobarometer 101.1 (2024)

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules are included: 1. European Parliament Spring 2024 Eurobarometer, 2. Social Europe, 3. Disaster risk awareness and preparedness of the EU population, 4. Citizens’ attitudes towards corruption in the EU in 2024.<br>Topics: 1. European Parliament Spring 2024 Eurobarometer: image of the European Parliament; desired importance of the role of the European Parliament; frequency of following news on EU politics; EU image; assessment of the own country’s membership in the EU as a good thing; personal importance of the own country being a member state of the EU (scale); benefits from the EU membership; optimism about the future of the EU; impact of EU actions on personal daily life; satisfaction with the EU’s response to each of the following crises in the last 15 years: COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, economic and financial situation, Russia´s invasion of Ukraine, migration, Brexit; development of the importance of the role of the European Union in the world over the last years; image of the following countries: China, Russia, USA, Turkey; preferred aspects to focus on in order to reinforce the EU‘s position in the world; awareness of the date of the next European elections in the own country; interest in the next European elections; most important topics to be discussed during the electoral campaign for the next European Parliament elections; prioritized values to be defended by the European Parliament in the next five years; importance to vote in European and in national elections; frequency of voting in past elections; reasons for not voting; reasons that prevented from voting in elections or a referendum: health problems, away from home, too busy, no time, involved in family or leisure activity, no knowledge that an election was being held, unexpected problem that prevented from reaching the polling station, no help by getting to the polling station, forgotten, registration or voting card problems, other, always voted; likelihood to vote if the next European Parliament elections would be held next week; attitude towards the following statements: voting is important to keep democracy strong, voting is important to ensure a better future for the next generations, others decide if you do not vote yourself, current international context makes voting even more important; development of personal standard of living in the last five years; expected development of the following issues in the next year: personal living conditions, situation of the national economy; expected development of personal standard of living in the next five years.

2. Social Europe: personal importance of a social Europe; most important elements for the EU´s economic and social development; awareness of the European Pillar of Social Rights; attitude towards the following statements about the European Pillar of Social Rights: will strengthen employment and social inclusion in the EU as a whole, success will depend on its implementation in the own country; preferred issues to be a main priority in the own country; most important issues for the future of Europe: education (incl. training and lifelong learning), gender equality, employment, wages, social dialogue and involvement of workers, work-life balance, health and safety at work, childcare and support for children, social protection, minimum income, old age income and pensions, health care, inclusion of disabled persons, housing and assistance for the homeless, other; awareness of selected EU initiatives to tackle employment and social challenges: Skills Agenda, Minimum Wage Directive, Child Guarantee, Platform Work Directive, European Social Fund Plus, Work Life Balance Directive; enhancement of personal skills: currently actively looking for information, currently engaging in training; attitude towards the following statement: EU should promote better working conditions and social standards in non-EU countries with which it trades even if this means a small increase in prices for EU citizens; difficulties encountered in the last five years when moving to another EU country for living and working there: does not apply, insufficient awareness on EU rules and personal rights, complex procedures to prove own social security coverage and entitlements, refusal from employment services to prolong the period during which to have exported own unemployment benefits, different qualifying periods in the countries for the establishment of entitlements for unemployment benefits, not able to register with the employment services in country of last job due to unemployment, difficulties with calculation of pension, difficulties with accessing healthcare or other benefits such as long-term care; preferred EU measure to ensure a fair green and digital transition of economy: stronger focus on education to equip people with the right skills for green and digital jobs, more funding to support people in the regions and industries most impacted by the changes, ensure workers´ rights with regard to increasing use of Artificial Intelligence, more funding to support vulnerable households affected by climate change and the green transition, other; likelihood to reach a more social Europe by 2030.

3. Disaster risk awareness and preparedness of the EU population: most important risks with regard to the own country; most important risks with regard to personal life; personally experienced disasters in the last ten years (except COVID-19); preferred sources of information with regard to disaster risks; attitude towards the following statements about information on disaster risks: reception of information on disaster risks in the last twelve months, feel well informed about personal disaster risks, trust in information from public authorities and emergency services on disaster risks in personal residential area, information from public authorities and emergency services on disaster risks in personal residential area is easy to find, awareness where to find information on disaster risks when travelling to another EU country; personal measures taken with regard to a potential disaster or emergency: emergency supply stock of drinks and food, emergency supply of water for cooking and hygiene, flashlight or candles accessible, battery-powered radio accessible, home pharmacy for emergencies, copies of most important personal documents or have stored them safely, grab-bag for quick evacuation, signed up for alerts and warnings from emergency services or authorities, participated in a training on how to react in an emergency, informed on the response plan of city / region / country for disaster or emergency, agreed with family and friends on how to contact each other in case of an emergency, discussed common protective measures in own neighbourhood, invested in protective measures for own home, other; number of days being able to withstand the following situations: disruption of tap water services, interruption of electricity services, disruption of gas services, disruption of food transportation in the area, disruption of medical supply; attitude towards selected statements with regard to personal disaster preparedness: preparing for disasters or emergencies will help to better cope with the situation, well prepared for disasters or emergencies in own residential area, no time or financial resources to prepare for disasters or emergencies, easy to find information on the preparation for disasters or emergencies from public authorities and emergency services in the own country, more information needed to be able to prepare for disasters or emergencies, knowledge on how emergency services will alert in the event of a disaster, knowledge what to do in the event of a disaster, employer or school encourages to take training or prepare for disasters or emergencies, emergency services or authorities encourage to take training or prepare for disasters or emergencies; extent of relying on help from each of the following persons or services in the first days after a disaster (scale): family or friends, neighbourhood, associations or non-profit organisations, emergency services, local authorities or government agencies, employer or education institution, private sector entities or companies; trust in emergency services and authorities in the own country with regard to handling disasters or emergency situations properly; (planned) engagement in voluntary work to support emergency responder organisations or community-based initiatives to increase disaster resilience.

4. Citizens’ attitudes towards corruption in the EU in 2024: assessment of corruption in the own country as a widespread problem; development of the extent of corruption in the own country in the last three years; estimated extent of bribery with regard to the following authorities in the own country: police and customs, tax authorities, courts, social security, public prosecution service, politicians, political parties, officials awarding public tenders, officials issuing building permits, officials issuing business permits, healthcare system, education sector, inspectors, private companies, banks and financial institutions; acquainted person involved in bribery; contact with the aforementioned authorities in the last twelve months; expected bribes and amount; awareness of authorities to report cases of corruption to; most trustworthy authorities: police, justice, NGOs, media, national ombudsman, political representative, specialized anti-corruption agency, trade unions, EU institutions, other; personally experienced and reported corruption in the last twelve months; reasons for not reporting; attitude towards selected statements on corruption in the own country: existence in local and regional public institutions, existence in national public institutions, part of business culture, personally affected in daily life, successful prosecutions deter people from corrupt practices, insufficient pursuing of high-level corruption cases, effective governmental efforts, too close links between business and politics lead to corruption, bribery and the use of connections is the easiest way to obtain certain public services, sufficient transparency and supervision of the funding of political parties, only way to succeed in business is to have political connections, favouritism and corruption hamper business competition, measures against corruption are applied impartially and without ulterior motives.

Demography: age; nationality; age at end of education; highest completed level of full time education; sex; occupation; professional position; type of community; financial difficulties during the last year; internet use (at home, at work, at school); self-reported belonging to the working class, the middle class or the upper class of society; left-right self-placement; frequency of discussions about political matters on national, European, and local level; general direction things are going in: own country, EU, personal life; satisfaction with democracy in the own country and in the EU; own voice counts in the own country and in the EU; own country’s voice counts in the EU; limited activities due to health problems in the last six months.

Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; mode of interview; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; number of persons present during the interview; respondent cooperation; size of locality; language of the interview; region; weighting factor.