Oligogalacturonomics of plant-fungus interactions

Despite an ever-increasing interest for the use of pectin-derived oligogalacturonides (OGs) as biological control agents in agriculture, very little information exists, mainly for technical reasons, on the nature and activity of the OGs that accumulate during pathogen infection. Here we developed a sensitive OG profiling method, which revealed unsuspected features of the OGome generated during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana with the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Indeed, most OGs were acetyl- and methylesterified, and 80 % of them were produced by fungal pectin lyases (PNL), not polygalacturonases (PG). PG products did not accumulate as larger size OGs but were converted into oxidized GalA dimers. Finally, the comparison of the OGomes and transcriptomes of leaves infected with B. cinerea mutants with reduced pectinolytic activity but with decreased or increased virulence respectively, identified novel candidate OG elicitors. In conclusion, OGome analysis provides new insights into the enzymatic arms race between plant and pathogen and facilitates the identification of novel defense elicitors. Affymetrix four-arrays strips (Arabidopsis Gene 1,1 ST Array strip) were used from three replicates of leaves infected by the pathogen