Different photoperiodic responses in diapause induction can promote the maintenance of genetic diversity via the storage effect in Daphnia pulex

Understanding mechanisms that promote the maintenance of biodiversity (genetic and species diversity) has been a central topic in evolution and ecology. Previous studies have revealed that dormancy can contribute to coexistence of competing genotypes or species in fluctuating environments via the storage effect. However, they tended to focus on differences in reproductive success (e.g., seed yield) and diapause termination (e.g., germination) timing. Here we tested whether different photoperiodic responses in diapause induction can promote coexistence of two parthenogenetic (asexual) genotypes of Daphnia pulex in Lake Fukami-ike, Japan. Through laboratory experiments, we confirmed that short day length and low food availability induced the production of diapausing eggs. Furthermore, we found that one genotype tended to produce diapausing eggs in broader environmental conditions than the other. Terminating parthenogenetic reproduction earlier decreases total clonal production, but the ea..., , , # Different photoperiodic responses in diapause induction can promote the maintenance of genetic diversity via the storage effect in Daphnia pulex

\"Sheet 1: representing percentage of each lineage measured in the laboratory experiment 1: clonal reproduction, using for Figure 2, S2\",

* JPN1_clone, clone name of JPN1 used in a match of clonal reproduction experiment (experiment 1)
* JPN2_clone, clone name of JPN2 used in a match of clonal reproduction experiment (experiment 1)
* light, photoperiodic condition
* day15_JPN1, frequency of JPN1 clone on day 15
* day15_JPN2, frequency of JPN2 clone on day 15
* day30_JPN1, frequency of JPN1 clone on day 30
* day30_JPN2, frequency of JPN2 clone on day 30

\"Sheet 2: diapausing rate calculated in the laboratory experiment 2: life history measurement, using for Figure 3,S3\",

* clone_name, clone name of Daphnia pulex
* lineage, lineage of Daphnia pulex (JPN1 or JPN2)
* light, photoperiodic condition
* food, food conditi...