On Swiddening and Pigs: The Management of Micronesian Agroforests

Agroforestry, or the growing of tree crops, is a long-standing and key food production practice throughout much of the world. As with all systems of food
production, the way that humans manage agroforests has a profound impact on their composition as well as their sustainability. For over 2,000 years,
eastern Micronesians have relied largely on tree crop production, vegeculture, and fishing for subsistence. In this study, we focus on late prehistoric
manipulation of floral environments on the eastern Micronesian high island of Pohnpei, and the ways in which the management of food production systems
has shifted with social and historical changes. Specifically, using a combination of macrocharcoal quantification and phytolith analysis, we show that over
the past 700 years, Pohnpeians have managed their environments using periodic swiddening, and that the introduction of pigs in the historic period
constitutes a notable environmental disruption. We incorporate Pohnpei’s ethnographic and historical record as an important component of our
interpretation of the paleoethnobotanical assemblage.