Very Early Life Microbiome and Metabolome Correlates with Primary Vaccination Variability in Children

We show a longitudinal study of stool microbiome in infants and track the microbiome development over the first year of life. We demonstrate that the stool microbiome has divergent timing and patterns in maturation. We also show that that evenness of genera in the stool microbiome correlates with lower vaccine response. Finally, we show that antibiotic exposure was associated with low vaccine response and microbiome features. This work indicates that there may be potential to intervene before first childhood vaccinations to improve later protection