"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tablets and Smartphones for Learning Data Science: Opportunities and Limitations"

Descriptive (example)

Overall Pretest mean ≈ 50 ± 10.

Overall Posttest mean ≈ 62 ± 11.

Average Gain by device (approximate):

Tablet: mean gain ≈ 13–15 points

Laptop: mean gain ≈ 11–13 points

Smartphone: mean gain ≈ 9–11 points

ANOVA

F-statistic: expect F > 5, p < 0.01 (indicating at least one group differs).

Tablet vs Smartphone (t-test)

t statistic: positive, p < 0.05 (tablets better on average than smartphones).

Regression

After adjusting for Hours, Motivation, Usability, and prior experience, tablet device dummy retains a positive coefficient vs smartphone; magnitude depends on data noise but typically ~ +1.5–3 gain points.

Dropout

Dropout rate primarily correlated with poor internet and low motivation. Expect dropout around 8–15% overall depending on the synthetic parameters.