Supplementary dataset related to the paper "Joint effect of systolic blood pressure variability and sleep patterns on stroke"

ABSTRACT：Systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and unhealthy sleep patterns have been identified as risk factors for stroke, but whether the coexistence of both would increase the risk of stroke remains unknown. This study aims to explore the combined effect of these two factors on stroke. This study was based on the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study, and a total of 219,376 participants were included from the database. SBPV was defined as the standard deviation of all recorded systolic blood pressure measurements within the 5 years prior to the study, with a range of 60 to 300 mmHg. The study subjects were divided into quartile groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles) based on the standard deviation of SBPV. At baseline, five sleep characteristics, including sleep type, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, were collected through questionnaires. Each study subject received 1 point for each healthy sleep characteristic encountered, with a maximum cumulative score of 5 points. Then, they were divided into three groups: the healthy sleep pattern group (4 to 5 points), the intermediate sleep pattern group (2 to 3 points), and the poor sleep pattern group (0 to 1 point). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the combined effect of SBPV and sleep patterns on stroke. After fully adjusting for covariates, compared with the healthy sleep pattern in the first quartile group of SBPV, the risk of stroke in the intermediate sleep pattern was increased by 22% (95% CI 1.05 - 1.41), 27% (95% CI 1.10 - 1.47), and 38% (95% CI 1.20 - 1.60) for the second, third, and fourth quartile groups of SBPV, respectively; in the poor sleep pattern, the risk of stroke was increased by 47% (95% CI 1.17 - 1.84) and 80% (95% CI 1.47 - 2.21) for the third and fourth quartile groups of SBPV, respectively. There was a multiplicative interaction between SBPV and sleep pattern (P < 0.05). SBPV and unhealthy sleep patterns have a multiplicative interaction on stroke risk, emphasizing the importance of improving both SBPV and sleep patterns simultaneously.