Bird species diversity in Sanyang Wetland， Wenzhou

Birds are an important component of wetland ecosystems and a primary indicator for ecological environment assessment. Sanyang Wetland is an urban wetland located along the southern coast of Zhejiang Province. It is an important wetland at the provincial level in Zhejiang Province and an important natural education base in Wenzhou City. In order to understand the current status of bird resources in the wetland and provide scientific basis for important wetland assessment and ecological environment construction， a field survey of bird species in Sanyang Wetland was conducted from March 2021 to December 2024. The results showed that a total of 175 species of birds belonging to 110 genera and 50 families in 15 orders were recorded in the Sanyang Wetland. Among them， the highest number of bird species was in the Passeriformes order， accounting for 54.29% of the total species， followed by the Charadriiformes and Anseriformes， accounting for 7.43% and 6.86% of the total species， respectively. 45 species of waterbirds belonging to 11 families and 6 orders were recorded in Sanyang Wetland， accounting for 25.71% of the total species. In this wetland， there was one national first-class protected bird species （Emberiza aureol）， and 22 national second-class protected bird species. In the resident type， there were 63 species of resident birds， 52 species of winter migratory birds， 31 species of summer migratory birds， and 29 species of migratory birds， accounting for 36.00%， 29.71%， 17.71%， and 16.57% of the total species， respectively. The fauna consisted of 84 species in the Palearctic realm， 67 species in the Oriental realm， and 24 widespread species， accounting for 48.00%， 38.29%， and 13.71% of the total species， respectively. The ecological groups were dominated by songbirds， accounting for 54.29% of the total species， followed by wading birds and waterfowl， accounting for 16.00% and 9.71%， respectively. The Sanyang Wetland has a rich habitat， complete bird ecological groups， and abundant species of migratory birds. It is one of the important habitats for many migratory birds on the East Asian⁃Australian migratory route.