Spatiotemporal single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that CD4+T subpopulation with high metabolic flux plays pivotal roles under in hyperthermia treatment warts

Cutaneous wart, regarded as a benign tumor, is a proliferative disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Local hyperthermia at 44°C can clear multiple HPV-infected skin lesions (warts) by targeting a single lesion, which suggested that the clearance of HPV was related to the activation of T cells immunity. To identify potential inflence on T cells for anti-HPV immunity after in response to hyperthermia treatment, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on CA tissue samples (A type of viral warts). Overall design: Sample collection:Condyloma acuminatum (CA) tissues were obtained from two patients requiring surgical treatment for CA in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology. No patient received treatment for the lesions prior to the surgery, including drug treatment, freezing or electrocautery and photodynamic therapy, to avoid confounding. Each patient's sample was split in two and half was treated with a 37? water bath for 30 minutes to serve as a control group. The other half were treated with a 44? water bath for 30 minutes as the hyperthermia treatment group.