Mean ± SD of minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) before (MACISO/BASAL) and after one of the following treatments (MACISO/T): lidocaine (LIDO), dexmedetomidine (DEX), or the combination LIDO-DEX in dogs (n = 7).

The percentage (%) change in MACISO after treatment was calculated from [(MACISO after treatment – MACISO/BASAL)/MACISO/BASAL] X 100.*Statistically different from MACISO/BASAL (p#Statistically different from the rest of the treatments (pMean ± SD of minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO) before (MACISO/BASAL) and after one of the following treatments (MACISO/T): lidocaine (LIDO), dexmedetomidine (DEX), or the combination LIDO-DEX in dogs (n = 7).