UDP - Urban form efficiency, 2011 (JRC LUISA Reference Scenario 2016)

The indicator first identifies the minimum number of public transport stops that could serve 80% of a city’s total population, and second computes the average distance between the identified stops. It finally normalizes the multiplication of these two values with the population that is served within the city. If the majority of a city can be served with few public transport stops and these stops are close to each other, this city has a more efficient urban form. It classifies cities into five classes, based on their population size from small to large and compares cities within these classes whether they have high or low urban form efficiency in terms of ease of access to potential public transport services.