Results of repeated measures ANOVAs for force measurements of two repeated dippings.

Trial is the change in a force measurement between the two repeated trials. Buoyant force is the force needed to dip the wing, and it includes also the force generated by water tension. Fluctuations indicate variation in the buoyant force during withdrawal the wing from the water (SD of the residuals of fitted curve; see Methods for further details). Pull-out indicates the force needed to overcome the capillary force caused by water surface tension during the withdrawal step. Statistically significant results (PaThe assumption for equality of covariance matrices were not fulfilled (Box's M = 22.79, F9,1133.4 = 2.04, P = 0.032).