ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the influence of the epiretinal membrane (ERM) on intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: This retrospective study included 5
We used RNA seq tool to identfiy key signaling pathways affected by APE1/Ref-1 in HRECs, which was contrasted to RNA seq data of tumor cell lines. We used siRNA to knock down (KD) APE1/Ref-1 protein i
The diurnal peak of phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of photoreceptor outer segments is under circadian control, and it is believed that this process involves interactions from bot
Purpose: Torpedo lesions in the retina are rare and their clinical significance has not been well established. This case series highlights patients with atypical torpedo lesions with varying orientati