Transcriptome profiling of the response of Antarctic midge Parochlus steinenii larvae to heat and cold stress

<i>Parochlus steinenii</i> is a species of winged midge found in the Antarctic Peninsula. To understand the mechanisms they use to adapt to cold environments and predict their responses to climate change, we investigate the transcriptome of <i>P. steinenii</i> larvae under heat and cold stresses. Here, we present the annotated genome sequence of <i>P. steinenii</i> with the transcriptome of both adults and larvae, and differentially expressed genes due to cold and heat stresses in larvae. A total of 12 757 genes were predicted, and gene set completeness was 95.7 % in the BUSCO analysis against Eukaryota <i>odb9</i>. Of the predicted genes, 7 851 were classified using Gene Ontology (GO), and genes differentially expressed more than 2-fold were selected. In larvae, under cold stress, 75 genes were up-regulated and 227 genes were down-regulated. In larvae, under heat stress at 12 °C and 20 °C, 37 genes were down-regulated, and three GO terms were statistically overrepresented at both condition.