Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2020 - Bulgaria

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ .

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2),
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available under the "DOCUMENTATION" tab above. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older with access to landline and/or mobile phones.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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A simple stratified sample design was used for selection of landline phone samples. Within each explicit stratum (district) in the case of landline, sample of specified size was drawn using list-assisted Random Digit Dial (RDD) procedures. In the case of mobile, within each explicit stratum, sample of specified size was drawn using pure RDD procedure. Sampling was done independently within each stratum. All sampled phone numbers were pre-screened for working status.

For respondents contacted by landline telephone, random respondent selection within the household was performed by enumerating the persons in the household aged 15 and older and selecting one at random. Respondents contacted by mobile telephone were screened for those aged 15 and older; no additional selection procedure was performed.

For the purpose of data collection, the total initial sample was split into random subsamples (replicate samples) and released sequentially based on the progress of interviewing in different strata. The goal was to release an optimum amount of sample each time to achieve a high response rate while completing the targeted number of interviews within the field period
Exclusions: NA
Design effect: 1.91

Mode of data collection
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Other [oth]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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The margin of error is estimated as 4.3. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1要求各国承诺消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，即‘基于食物不安全经验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍性’，提供了国际上可比的食物获取困难人口比例的估计值。更详细的信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/ 获取。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或严重食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），
2. 经历严重食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集。关于方法论的详细信息可在https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx 找到。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于在国家层面计算指标2.1.2。计算此指标的说明可在上述“文档”标签下的方法论文件中找到。不鼓励在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计值将受到显著的抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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国家覆盖范围

分析单位
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个人

总体
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15岁或以上且能使用固定电话和/或移动电话的个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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对于固定电话样本的选择，使用了简单的分层抽样设计。在固定电话的情况下，每个明确的层（区）使用列表辅助的随机数字拨号（RDD）程序抽取指定大小的样本。在移动电话的情况下，在每个明确的层内，使用纯RDD程序抽取指定大小的样本。抽样在每个层内独立进行。所有抽样电话号码都进行了预筛选，以检查其工作状态。

对于通过固定电话联系到的受访者，在家庭内进行了随机受访者选择，通过计数家庭中15岁及以上的成员并随机选择一人。通过移动电话联系到的受访者进行了15岁及以上的筛选；没有进行额外的选择程序。

为了收集数据，总初始样本被分成随机子样本（重复样本），并根据不同层级的访谈进度依次发布。目标是每次发布适量的样本，以达到高响应率并在现场期间完成目标访谈数量。
排除：无
设计效应：1.91

数据收集方式
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其他 [oth]

清理操作
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统计验证通过测试FIES数据与Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。此分析涉及对几个统计数据的解释，这些统计数据揭示了1）在特定背景下表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度波动响应模式的案例，3）可能冗余的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体中总方差的比率。

抽样误差估计
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误差范围估计为4.3。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。最大误差范围是在假设报告百分比为50%的情况下计算的，并考虑了设计效应。