Comparative overall population genetic structure of the NE American and European populations.

A, mean number of alleles per locus, HE expected heterozygosity. Indices of genetic differentiation: FST, GST and NST; IbD, isolation by distance; π = mean nucleotide diversity over all loci; +/−, standard deviation values; * indicates that NST is significantly higher than GST in NE America, whereas the difference between NST and GST was not significant in Europe.