PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF RENAL CHANGES IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Cerebrovascular Disease causes systemic vascular and metabolic disturbances that affect renal tissues. This study investigated histochemical and immunohistochemical changes in the kidneys associated with cerebrovascular diseases. Histochemical staining and immunohistochemical markers including TGF-β, α-SMA, Caspase-3, HIF-1α, and CML were used to evaluate renal tissue alterations. The results revealed glomerulosclerosis, fibrosis, vascular thickening, tubular degeneration, amyloid deposition, and endothelial dysfunction. Increased marker expression indicated hypoxia, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and progressive vascular injury. The findings confirm that renal damage in cerebrovascular diseases is part of a systemic vasculopathic process and may have important diagnostic and prognostic significance.