A summary of cropland, supplemental water needs, and RWH systems in the research site.

Sc = αSrc where, α = the ratio of crop water need to reference crop water need, Sc = supplemental irrigation water need; Src = the supplemental irrigation water need for the reference crop, corn (211.3 mm), obtained from Ghimire and Johnston [54]: HIGH = Highlands; PIED = Piedmont; COAS = Coastal; N/A = not available. Note: the number of agricultural RWH systems irrigating a specified crop, i, was calculated as the ratio of actual total crop area to average unit farm area (343,983 m2, obtained from Ghimire and Johnston [54]. Although quinoa is currently not cultivated in the region, analyses were conducted equivalent to wheat’s area.