Directionally Selected Cytochrome P450 Alleles Are Driving the Spread of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus

Gene expression differences between permethrin resistant Anopheles funestus mosquitoes from Mozambique and Malawi that have been exposed to permethrin ("permethrin-selected"), mosquitoes unexposed to permethrin ("control") and a susceptible laboratory strain (FANG,"insecticide-susceptible") were measured using a 4x44k Agilent chip, which features Anopheles funestus ESTs and all transcripts of Anopheles gambiae. However, only the probes designed using "native" Anopheles funestus sequences are used in VectorBase's analysis.