Upper House Composition Data

The dataset contains the party composition of upper houses for bicameral non-presidential systems with upper houses (or "second chambers") that have an absolute veto on legislation that cannot be overruled by a simple or absolute majority of the lower house. Encompasses data for Australia (1949-2019), Belgium (1946-1992), Germany (1949-2021), Denmark (1943-1953), Italy (1948-2019), Japan (1947-2017), Netherlands (1946-2019), Sweden (1944-1969) as well as data for the Australian substates of New South Wales (1978-2019), Southern Australia (1975-2018), Tasmania (1955-2018), Victoria (1952-2018) and Western Australia (1954-2017).