ISSP 2019: Social Inequality V: Finnish Data

The 2019 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) studied economic inequality in Finland. The respondents' attitudes were surveyed on income disparity between social groups, occupations and societies as well as which actors in society should solve these disparities. In addition, the survey charted the respondents' socio-economic situation, Finnish taxation, and conflicts between social groups. The previous ISSP survey regarding inequality was collected in 2009. First, the respondents' opinions were charted concerning the importance of different factors for succeeding in life, such as parents' wealth, ambition, social networks, corruption, or gender. Additionally, views were canvassed on fairness of differences in wealth between rich and poor countries. The respondents were also asked to estimate what persons in different occupations earned (euros/month, gross) and what the respondents thought they ought to be paid. Next, the respondents were presented with a set of statements that they were asked to agree or disagree with on a 5-point Likert scale. The questions concerned, for example, whether income disparity was too great in Finland, who should intervene with income disparity, whether the policies of the government were justified and whether the current level of taxation was justified. The respondents also placed themselves on a 10-point scale according to whether they considered themselves to be at the top or the bottom in society - currently, in childhood home and ten years into the future. Their views were also enquired on which factors they deemed important in deciding one's level of pay. Views on the hierarchical structure of society were examined by showing the respondents five figures representing differently built societies and asking which of the figures corresponded most closely to the situation in the respondent's own country, and which figure corresponded most closely to an optimal situation. The respondents were also asked questions regarding their economic situation at the time of the survey. Background variables included, for instance, gender, year of birth, region of residence (NUTS2), occupation, educational background, religious affiliation, which party the respondent voted for in previous elections, number of children, income, marital status, and statistical grouping of municipalities (urban, semi-urban, rural). The survey also included questions concerning the respondent's spouse/partner and parents' occupations.

2019年国际社会调查计划（ISSP）对芬兰的经济不平等现象进行了研究。调查涵盖了受访者对社会各阶层、职业和社会之间的收入差距的看法，以及哪些社会成员应负责解决这些差距。此外，调查还描绘了受访者的社会经济状况、芬兰的税收制度以及社会群体间的冲突。上一轮关于不平等的ISSP调查是在2009年进行的。首先，调查了受访者对影响人生成功不同因素（如父母的财富、抱负、社会关系、腐败或性别）的重要性看法。此外，还探讨了贫富国家财富差异的公平性问题。受访者还被要求估算不同职业人士的月收入（欧元，毛收入）以及他们认为应该获得的薪酬。接着，受访者被呈现了一系列陈述，并被要求在5点李克特量表上表示同意或不同意。这些问题包括，例如，芬兰的收入差距是否过大，谁应该介入解决收入差距，政府的政策是否合理，以及当前的税收水平是否合理。受访者还在10点量表上定位自己，根据他们是否认为自己在社会上是处于顶层还是底层——目前、童年时期以及十年后。他们还对决定个人薪酬水平的重要因素发表了看法。通过展示代表不同社会结构的五幅图，调查了受访者对社会等级结构的看法，并询问哪幅图最符合受访者所在国家的实际情况，哪幅图最符合理想状态。受访者还被问及他们在调查时的经济状况。背景变量包括性别、出生年份、居住地区（NUTS2）、职业、教育背景、宗教信仰、受访者在上次选举中投票支持的政党、子女数量、收入、婚姻状况，以及市政统计分组（城市、半城市、农村）。调查还包括关于受访者配偶/伴侣和父母职业的问题。