Treatment effect on breeding parameters and sexual behaviors.

Column clarification and abbreviations:#: test number given in the main text or supporting texts as T1-#.Unit: unit of analysis for which sample sizes ntotal are given. “MID-yr” (or “FID-yr”) stands for the combination of the male (or female) unique identity number and the year (2012 or 2013).nyes: the number of yeses for binomial dependent variables.Dependent variables: WP and EP stand for within and extra-pair, and EPY for extra-pair young. “Disappeared eggs”: eggs that were either buried in the nest material or broken before the end of incubation, or eggs that completely disappeared from the aviary; “Female EPY” is whether or not in a given clutch the female had any extra-pair young; “Brood size” is the number of offspring in a clutch that reached 8 d of age; “Male attendance” is whether or not the male attended its nest on a given daily nest check; “WP or EP copulation” are behaviorally successful copulations as opposed to unsuccessful courtships or copulation attempts.p and z: p-value and z-value for the treatment.C and NC (±SE): parameter estimates for chosen and non-chosen pairs and their respective standard errors. For tests with binomial dependent variables, the average of the asymmetrical back-transformed standard errors is given.Fixed effect: A: year; B: egg number in the laying sequence; C: hatching order (coded 1–8); D: the hatching order of the offspring among those that reached 8 d of age; E: clutch size; F: clutch number for the pair within a year (coded 1–6); G: brood size reached in the previous clutch of the same pair; H: number of offspring in the nest; I: a continuous variable counting up the days from the first day with offspring in that brood, reflecting the average age of the offspring; J: the number of days between the courtship and the day that is 3 d before the start of egg laying (with values ≥5 coded as 5), which means that 0 stands for the peak of fertility of that female; K: pair-bond duration (in days); L: the number of eggs the female laid in the last 5 d; M: the number of minutes after the light went on in the aviary on that day (artificial lights were set to turn on around 40 min before sunrise); N: number of courtships received, for females, or performed, for males. 2 indicates that a linear and a polynomial term were included using the function ‘poly’ in R. All fixed effects were centered.Random effects: FID, MID, PID, and CID: the number of levels of random effects; female, male, pair, and clutch identity numbers (where applicable).Level: level at which the analyses was performed, i.e., how the units were allocated to individuals. Gen stands for genetic parents, Soc for social parents, and Ass for assigned parents, which are genetic when parentage analysis was possible, and social parents when it was not (infertile and disappeared eggs).Test #20, #21, and #22 are based on videotaped courtships only to obtain meaningful courtship rates as number of courtships per hour. Nevertheless, those tests were also done on all courtships observed (directly observed and videotaped), and gave similar results (see S5 Text).Pair bond duration was accounted for in tests #9, #21, #22; i.e., when significant or indicating a trend (see Table 2) and for the test #15, #16, #17 for consistency with [53].Bold characters in the table emphasize significance (p p The structure of each model (fixed and random effects) is given, as well as the mean estimates (±SE) of each treatment group. Underlying data for each test can be found in S1 Data.