Diagnosis and Management of Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Australian Adults ( Past, Present and Future)

Drug-resistant epilepsy is often associated with an abnormality of the brain structure called focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). FCD was first described in 1971 and can now be detected by many diagnostic tests. We now know that epilepsy surgery for an FCD diagnosed on MRI is highly effective (70% of operated patients achieve favourable outcome). In Australia, FCD patients benefit from assessment and treatment at Comprehensive Epilepsy Services. New tests available for diagnosis and investigation of FCD (machine-learning MRI analysis and whole genome sequencing genetic testing) require better integration into existing services and optimisation of the patient experience.