Microbiome analysis (16s Sequencing) of ageing and rejuvenation models

The gut microbiota is significantly associated with diverse age-related disorders, such as frailty and intestinal disorders. Rejuvenation methods such as probiotics, co-housing, and faecal microbiota transplantation have been applied to alter the gut microbiome of aged mice and promote healthy ageing. Nevertheless, the prolongation of the healthspan of aged mice by remodelling of gut microbiome is still challenging. Here, we report the change of key communities and their functions during ageing and three rejuvenation procedures based on model mice. Our results show that the microbial composition and gene abundance of the intestinal microbiota changed dynamically during the ageing process. Through three rejuvenation procedures, we found the microbial community and intestinal immunity of old mice can be transformed to comparable levels to that of young mice. The results of metagenomic data analysis underscore the importance of the high abundance of Akkermansia and butyrate biosynthesis pathway in rejuvenated mice group. Further, our results demonstrated oral administration of Akkermansia sufficiently ameliorates senescence-related phenotype in the intestinal and hematopoietic system in aged mice and extend healthspan evidenced by frailty index and restoration of muscle atrophy. These data could provide a rationale for developing therapeutic strategies for achieving healthy active ageing.