Gridded POI Density Dataset of China at 1 km Resolution (2010 & 2020)

The POI data used in this dataset were sourced from Baidu Maps and Amap (Gaode Maps), two major map service platforms in China with extensive spatial coverage. POI information is collected from multiple channels and integrated by these platforms, with regular updates and platform-level verification processes.This dataset includes POI data for two reference years, 2012 and 2020, selected to approximate the temporal alignment with population data for 2010 and 2020. The original datasets contain approximately 14 million POIs in 2012 and 70 million POIs in 2020. After excluding categories unrelated to resident population distribution (e.g., natural features, general place names, and event-based locations), approximately 11 million and 57 million POIs were retained, respectively.For spatial analysis, the filtered POI data were aggregated into continuous surfaces using kernel density estimation and further converted into gridded POI density at 1 km spatial resolution. The dataset is provided in aggregated grid format to ensure usability while preventing the disclosure of individual POI records.