Questionnaire survey data on resilience, daily hassles, the Big Five personality traits, and parenting styles

Using convenience sampling and considering geographical distribution, grade level, and institutional tier, we recruited 1,458 college students from 16 universities across China, including Nanjing University, Zhejiang University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Hohai University, Shanghai University, Northwest University, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Yancheng Normal University, Henan Polytechnic University, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou University Zhicheng College, and Nanchang Institute of Technology. After 84 invalid responses were excluded, the final sample comprised 1,374 participants (effective rate = 94.24%). The questionnaire includes:1 ResilienceResilience was measured using the self-developed College Student Resilience Scale (Wu, 2022). This 26-item scale comprises four subscales: self-efficacy and adaptability, positive cognition, negative emotion regulation ability, and perceived utilization of social support. Items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = “strongly disagree,” 5 = “strongly agree”), with four reverse-scored items. Higher total scores indicate greater resilience.2 Big Five Personality ModelThe Big Five personality model is a personality framework that quantifies five personality dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. The 11-item version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-11) was developed by Rammstedt and John (2007). The Chinese version of this scale has demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity among Chinese adults aged 18–82 years (Carciofo et al., 2016). The scale comprises 11 items, such as “I tend to trust others and believe in the goodness of people” and “I am accustomed to completing tasks thoroughly,” covering the five dimensions of the Big Five model, with each dimension assessed by 2–3 items. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree,” with scores ranging from 1–5, and five items are reverse scored.3 Parenting StylesParenting styles were assessed using the Parenting Styles Questionnaire developed by Gong (2007). This 21-item scale measures five parenting dimensions—namely, authoritarian, trust-encouraging, emotional warmth, indulgent, and neglectful—with 3–7 items per subscale. Sample items include “My parents never allowed me to do things that other children were allowed to do” and “My parents comforted me when I encountered difficulties.” 4 Daily HasslesDaily hassles were measured using the Brief Daily Stressor Screening (BDSS; Scholten et al., 2020), which assesses stressors experienced during the past 12 months across domains such as family problems, health concerns, financial difficulties, academic/work dissatisfaction, employment challenges, housing issues, and interpersonal difficulties. Unlike the DASS–21 stress subscale, the BDSS comprises general stress indicators rather than stress-related symptoms. The 10-item scale employs a 5-point Likert scale (0 = “not at all,” 4 = “a great deal”). Higher total scores indicate more daily hassles. The Chinese version of this scale has demonstrated good reliability and validity (Schonfeld et al., 2016).