Smith2004_CVS_human

This a model from the article:
Minimal haemodynamic system model including ventricular interaction and valve
dynamics.

Smith BW, Chase JG, Nokes RI, Shaw GM, Wake G. Med Eng Phys
2004 Mar;26(2):131-9 15036180
,
Abstract:

Characterising circulatory dysfunction and choosing a suitable treatment is
often difficult and time consuming, and can result in a deterioration in patient
condition, or unsuitable therapy choices. A stable minimal model of the human
cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed with the ultimate specific aim of
assisting medical staff for rapid, on site modelling to assist in diagnosis and
treatment. Models found in the literature simulate specific areas of the CVS
with limited direct usefulness to medical staff. Others model the full CVS as a
closed loop system, but they were found to be very complex, difficult to solve,
or unstable. This paper develops a model that uses a minimal number of governing
equations with the primary goal of accurately capturing trends in the CVS
dynamics in a simple, easily solved, robust model. The model is shown to have
long term stability and consistency with non-specific initial conditions as a
result. An "open on pressure close on flow" valve law is created to capture the
effects of inertia and the resulting dynamics of blood flow through the cardiac
valves. An accurate, stable solution is performed using a method that varies the
number of states in the model depending on the specific phase of the cardiac
cycle, better matching the real physiological conditions. Examples of results
include a 9% drop in cardiac output when increasing the thoracic pressure from
-4 to 0 mmHg, and an increase in blood pressure from 120/80 to 165/130 mmHg when
the systemic resistance is doubled. These results show that the model adequately
provides appropriate magnitudes and trends that are in agreement with existing
data for a variety of physiologically verified test cases simulating human CVS
function.
This model was taken from the CellML repository
and automatically converted to SBML.
The original model was:
Smith BW, Chase JG, Nokes RI, Shaw GM, Wake G. (2004) - version=1.0

The original CellML model was created by:
Geoffrey Nunns

[e-mail]
The University of Auckland
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