北美多模型集合NMME数据集（1982-2010）

北美多模型集合NMME是由美国模式中心（包括NOAA/NCEP、NOAA/GFDL、IRI、NCAR、NASA）和加拿大CMC联合发布的多模式集合季节预报系统数据集。数据包含1982-2010年回报数据和2011年至今的实时气象预报数据。其时间分辨率为逐月，覆盖范围为全球，水平空间分辨率为1°。NMME共有9个气候预报模式，每个模式包含6-28个集合成员，预见期为9-12个月。其气候模式的名称、来源、集合成员和预见期如下：
1）CMC1-CanCM3，Environment Canada，10个模式，12个月
2）CMC2-CanCM4，Environment Canada，10个模式，12个月
3）COLA-RSMAS-CCSM3，National Center for Atmospheric Research，6个模式，12个月
4）COLA-RSMAS-CCSM34，National Center for Atmospheric Research，10个模式，12个月
5）GFDL-CM2p1-aer04，NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory，10个模式，12个月
6）GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-A06，NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory，12个模式，12个月
7）GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-B01，NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory，12个模式，12个月
8）NASA-GMAO-062012，NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office，12个模式，9个月
9）NCEP-CFSv2，NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction，24/28个模式，10个月
除CFSv2模式外（只含降水和平均气温），其他模式数据变量包含降水、平均气温、最高气温和最低气温。每个模式集合成员每月的一个变量数据存放一个nc文件。各变量的气象要素、变量名、单位和物理意义如下：
1）平均气温，tref，K，月平均近地面（2m）平均气温
2）最高气温，tmax，K，月平均近地面（2m）最高气温
3）最低气温，tmin，K，月平均近地面（2m）最低气温
4）降水，prec，mm/day，月平均降水量。
该数据集在气候预报，水文预报驱动，量化模式预报不确定性方面得到广泛的应用。

North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) is a multi-model ensemble seasonal forecasting dataset jointly released by U.S. modeling centers including NOAA/NCEP, NOAA/GFDL, IRI, NCAR, NASA and Canadian CMC. The dataset contains hindcast data from 1982 to 2010 and real-time meteorological forecast data from 2011 to the present. It has a monthly temporal resolution, global spatial coverage, and a horizontal spatial resolution of 1°. A total of 9 climate forecasting models are included in NMME, each with 6 to 28 ensemble members and a lead time of 9 to 12 months. The names, sources, ensemble member counts and lead times of these climate models are as follows:
1) CMC1-CanCM3, Environment Canada, 10 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
2) CMC2-CanCM4, Environment Canada, 10 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
3) COLA-RSMAS-CCSM3, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 6 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
4) COLA-RSMAS-CCSM34, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 10 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
5) GFDL-CM2p1-aer04, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 10 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
6) GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-A06, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 12 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
7) GFDL-CM2p5-FLOR-B01, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 12 ensemble members, 12-month lead time
8) NASA-GMAO-062012, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, 12 ensemble members, 9-month lead time
9) NCEP-CFSv2, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction, 24/28 ensemble members, 10-month lead time

Excluding the CFSv2 model which only provides precipitation and mean air temperature, the variables of all other models cover precipitation, mean air temperature, maximum air temperature and minimum air temperature. One netCDF (.nc) file is stored for each variable of each ensemble member per month. The meteorological elements, variable names, units and physical meanings of each variable are as follows:
1) Mean Air Temperature: tref, unit: K, monthly averaged near-surface (2-meter) air temperature
2) Maximum Air Temperature: tmax, unit: K, monthly averaged near-surface (2-meter) maximum air temperature
3) Minimum Air Temperature: tmin, unit: K, monthly averaged near-surface (2-meter) minimum air temperature
4) Precipitation: prec, unit: mm/day, monthly averaged precipitation

This dataset has been widely used in climate forecasting, driving hydrological forecasts, and quantifying model forecast uncertainty.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

北美多模型集合NMME数据集（1982-2010）是由美国和加拿大多个模式中心联合发布的多模式集合季节预报系统数据集，包含1982-2010年的回报数据和2011年至今的实时气象预报数据，时间分辨率为逐月，空间分辨率为1°，涵盖降水、平均气温、最高气温和最低气温等变量。该数据集广泛应用于气候预报、水文预报驱动和量化模式预报不确定性研究。