In this study we assessed the effects of indirect exposure of antibiotics via irrigation water in microbiomes and resistomes composition of soil and Lactuca Sativa (Lettuce) in a controlled setting. We collected samples from soil and roots, and microbiome composition of all samples were analyzed by 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing

In this study we assessed the effects of indirect exposure of antibiotics via irrigation water in microbiomes and resistomes composition of soil and Lactuca Sativa (Lettuce) in a controlled setting. We collected samples from soil and roots, and microbiome composition of all samples were analyzed by 16s rDNA amplicon sequencing, and the resistome through shotgun-sequencing. We compared soil and roots microbiomes of lettuce, grown under irrigation with tap water, and tap water spiked with the ABs selected. Irrigation with spiked water caused changes in the soil microbiomes composition. The pots were irrigated with tap water (Control), and tap water spiked with different levels of the selected ABs (Thirmetroprin, Ofloxacin, Sulfamethaxazole). The first spike level was considered within the environmental level range at 20 µg L-1 in WW effluents. The second spike level was at 100 µg/L. Samples of soil, and roots were collect from 5 plants for each treatment, after 60 days of growth to a total of 30 samples for 16s rDNA High-Throughput sequencing